Introduction

Human consciousness works with space-time volumes in a rather elegant way. To understand the difference between a substance and the flow of a substance, it is necessary to understand how it works.

At the first step, our consciousness builds a reference defense. The purpose of this construction is to give an idea of ​​its position in space. To create a reference anti-aircraft defense, the subject chooses something that he considers stable and binds the created reference anti-aircraft defense to it. For example, while in a room, the subject ties the reference air defense to the room. From this point on, the subject decides that he is in the room. When a person is surrounded by a large number of benchmarks to which you can become attached, it is quite easy for him to build a reference defense. However, when around emptiness, a person is lost. Difficulties with the construction of the reference defense can be understood by imagining oneself in weightlessness with eyes closed (absolute deprivation). You are trying to find the rappers but do not find them. If you find it difficult to imagine absolute deprivation, you can imagine partial. To do this, imagine yourself standing on top of a pillar high above the ground. Look up and try to keep your balance in this position. You will easily lose it, and not because the situation is uncomfortable, but because you have nothing to catch your eye on to build a reference defense. Looking at the floating clouds, you "float" with them. And only trained people can connect the reference defense with the sensations that they have in the body when trying to maintain balance. This experience of building a reference air defense is not associated with vision, as we used to do, but with a kinesthetic sensation. I myself have been training this feeling for many years and I can say that the transfer of management from visual registration to kinesthetic is very difficult for me. So, in the first step, the subject builds a reference defense in any way available to him.

In the reference air defense, the parts into which you place the observation windows are highlighted. The observation window is also an air defense, but another, different from the reference one. It is necessary for local observation of something. The subject is aware of the observation window as a position from which he can study reality in detail. To this end, the subject holds in his mind the relative position of the observation window relative to the reference air defense. For example, you are on the playground and watch a children's carousel. The reference air defense system is based on the observation of the playground (the subject decides that he is on the playground). Observation window associated with the observed object: with the carousel. It is tied to the reference air defense and is oriented relative to it. In the same part of the reference air defense, the subject can place several observation windows that differ from each other in orientation. To understand this, imagine that the observation window is oriented relative to the reference air defense just like your head is oriented relative to your body. Imagine that you are sitting still, but your head can turn. You linked the reference air defense with your body, and the orientation of the observation window with the position of your head. Imagine now that you are watching the carousel on the playground. You see her still. But then someone approached the merry-go-round and turned it slightly. Together with this turn, you turned your head slightly, and with it turned the observation window. The carousel remained motionless relative to the observation window, but the window itself turned relative to the reference air defense. If someone starts to rotate the carousel around its axis, you will not be able to rotate the observation window indefinitely, because the observation window is in some incredible way connected with the ability of your head to make movements relative to your body. To follow the carousel, you resort to tricks. As soon as the observation window turns to a critical angle, you create a new observation window and begin to observe the carousel already in it. You throw an old observation window, associating it with a new attitude: turned 90 degrees. Thus, the observation of the rotating carousel translates into the construction of a set of observation windows connected with each other by turns. If you follow closely the movement of your eyes, you will notice that they make the following movements: slow movement there and fast back. Slow movement there means turning the observation window, a quick jump back is the moment of creating a new observation window. You can spend another experience. Imagine that you are traveling by train. You look out the window at the space flowing past you. If you watch the movements of your eyes, you will see that they are moving back and forth. When they move there, you turn the observation window, when back, you create a new window. This is the trick of observing large dynamic processes that you cannot fully realize.

We associate the creation of the observation window with the concept of an event. New window is a new event. Therefore, the creation of new observation windows is equivalent to observing a large number of events. It is very expensive for our consciousness. Sooner or later, consciousness gets tired. As soon as this happens, consciousness moves to another mode of observation. If you go by train and look out the window, then your eyes stop their movement back and forth. If you watch the carousel, your eyes also stop. From this point on, the observation window is one, but inside it we see not objects, but a stream rushing past the window. And then the process of creating new windows (read events) stops, which greatly facilitates the work of consciousness.

The concept of flow is directly related to the perception of the simulated air defense. Once I was taught Zen-walking. This is a state in which your eyes stop jumping from one observation object to another when walking. The eyes stop and you see the world around you as a single stream, floating past you. This is the awareness of the world as a stream. In this state, there are no events, the mind calms down, the thoughts go away. You have nothing more to feed your mind, because it is fed by events that are not in this state. And the mind is silent.

Now we will try to formulate all this in a formal way.

1. You are creating a reference defense. As a rule, the reference air defense system is associated with some space that you observe from the inside, for example, with the room in which you are located.

   
   

2. In the reference defense you choose a part. This part is an observation window. Creating a window is an event. In the particular case, the position of the observation window is limited by the limitations of our body, but in the general case, if we do not limit ourselves to anthropomorphic restrictions, the observation window can “move” relative to the reference air defense as you please. The term "moves" in this context does not mean that one air defense "moves" relative to another, because air defense cannot "move." The “movement” of one air defense relative to another is a relative property of two air defense, which is interpreted in our consciousness as a relative movement of two spaces. Strict definition of this property, I leave to those who wish to give it. In my opinion, this is not difficult, but in this context it will not be appropriate.

   
   

3. The observation window has no properties. This is only a window through which the observation of simulated air defense is made. A simulated air defense is not a reference, if only because the simulated air defense "moves" regardless of the observation window and the reference air defense. Observation window is not a reference air defense, because they "move" relative to each other. The result of observation is a state.

   
   

It turns out that for a thorough simulation of reality, we need to simulate three air defense systems, each of which performs its own function. The standard air defense system allows us to consolidate ourselves as an observer regarding the world and choose a standard of size and time. The observation window allows you to start monitoring the simulated air defense, the properties of which we want to describe. Each subject does this in a manner peculiar only to him. The simulated air defense is observed through the observation window and, depending on the properties that are mutual with the observation window, can be interpreted in different ways. In the same part of the reference air defense, you can put many different observation windows that differ from each other in orientation. Through the same observation window, one can consider many different simulated air defense systems differing in mutual “motion”. Each simulated air defense can be considered from different points of view, for example, when we say “white object”, we consider the same simulated air defense from two different points of view. And yet we can negotiate. To do this, we learn from childhood to allocate observation windows in a single way for one group of people. If we take steps to unify our ideas, we will lose a variety of points of view, but we will gain the opportunity to agree on a model of the world. This is what we are doing when teaching children: we teach them a unified presentation. If we accept certain rules of modeling, we can create a single meta-model. If you need to break the rules, we can do it consciously.

In this article, I do not undertake to formulate these rules. I will only show with a few examples how our work with air defense is reflected in our models.

The observation window can be represented as a window through which the observation of the simulated air defense takes place. If the simulated air defense is motionless relative to the observation window, we say that the simulated air defense is rigidly fixed relative to the observation window. If the simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window, we say that the simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window. Let me remind you once again that the words "rigidly fixed" and "moves" are mutual properties of air defense, which can be interpreted as the relative movement of spaces of two air defense.

An object

Simulated air defense is viewed from the outside. It is rigidly fixed relative to the observation window. The simulated air defense property is smooth in time and not necessarily uniform in space. A non-uniform property in space can be for the following reasons:

1. It is complex - consists of a set of homogeneous defense. The machine consists of a body, engine and chassis.
2. It is atomic - a star is an atomic property in space, because it has no spatial boundaries.

Homogeneous object

If homogeneity in space is added to smoothness in time, we will deal with a homogeneous object. A homogeneous object can be smooth in space, it can be regular. In the first case we are talking about an object from a substance, in the second - about an object from a composite.

Object of substance

The object of the substance is a smooth in space property of the simulated air defense, observed outside. A glass of water, a liter of oil, a glass ball are all objects from a substance.

Composite object

The composite object is a space-regular property of the simulated anti-aircraft defense that is observed from the outside. Fabric, carpet, piece of wood - all of these are composite objects. We can say about them: the fabric consists of cells, a carpet of villi, a piece of wood from fibers.

The knowledge that an object consists of atoms speaks in favor of the fact that any object is also a composite. This is true if the resolution of the instruments allows us to see it. In the same way, the carpet will cease to be an object from the composite, if the resolution of the device does not allow us to detect the pile.

Wednesday

All the same as for the object, only simulated air defense is viewed from the inside.

Medium of substance

The medium of substance is a smooth in space property of the simulated air defense, observed from the inside. Water, oil, glass are all environments from a substance.

Composite medium

The composite medium is a regular in space property of the simulated air defense system, which is observed from the inside, for example, wood. You can say about it: wood consists of fibers. And the fibers can no longer be seen from the inside. Therefore, the observation of the composite from the inside involves the observation of its elements from the outside.

Flow

Flow observed outside

Simulated air defense is viewed from the outside. But now the simulated air defense is "moving" relative to the observation window.

Flow of matter observed outside

Simulated air defense is viewed from the outside. The simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window. The simulated air defense property is smooth in space. The flow of water in a pipe is an example of the flow of matter seen from outside.

Composite flow observed outside

Simulated air defense is viewed from the outside. The simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window. The simulated air defense property is regular in space. The flow of balls from the tube is an example of the flow of composite observed from the outside.

Flow observed from within

The flow of matter observed from the inside

Simulated air defense is viewed from the inside. The simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window. The simulated air defense property is continuous in space. Wind is an example of the flow of matter observed from the inside.

Composite flow observed from inside

Simulated air defense is viewed from the inside. The simulated air defense moves relative to the observation window. The simulated air defense property is regular in space. Hail is an example of composite flow observed from the inside.

Remarks

When I talk about composite, the way I present it suggests you make a mistake. For example, when I speak of hail as a stream of composite observed from the inside, you might think that this stream consists of hailstones. And you will be mistaken, because besides hailstones there is also a space between them, which is also part of the stream. Therefore, if the flow is divided into parts, then we must speak of a typical flow element as a gradient with space adjacent to it. It may be more unexpected elements, for example, two halves of hailstones, separated by space. I remind you that a typical element can be any element up to shear.

Suppose you are observing a funnel of a rotating fluid. Someone might say that this is an object, someone that this is a stream. It all depends on whether the simulated air defense is moving relative to the observed or not. More in the next part:

Regular activity

What happens if we take the definition of an object (an air defense property that is smooth in time) and the requirement of temporal smoothness in it to be replaced with the requirement of regularity. Regularity is associated with the smoothness of the generalization (detail) method, which means that the physical meaning will not change when changing requirements.

Bolt turning is a regular in time property of air defense. Does it look like an object? Not really. Regularity in time models a regular activity, but not an object! However, following the logic, it turns out that regular activity and the object are one and the same! Only one thing separates them: the method of generalization and detail! Often, regular activity is called otherwise: function. The term function is associated with many disputes, so its use can cause confusion. But until a certain point, I will use it to avoid long: regular activity.

Let's do a mental experiment. Let's say that you have a fast-rotating ruler with LEDs. If its rotation is fast, we see glowing numbers floating in the air and a transparent disk of indeterminate color. This is a simulated air defense, treated by us as a watch, or as a function of demonstrating time. The clock and time demonstration function are different interpretations of the same simulated air defense. This simulated air defense is motionless relative to the observed. Let's start to slow the rotation of the ruler. At some point we will notice the ruler and its rotation. Let's keep immobility relative to the observed air defense. We will see regular activity. Measurements of regular activity should be made at intervals of large moments of uniformity. That is, there is no point in talking about the properties of this air defense system over a period of time smaller than the revolutions of the ruler. Slow rotation of the ruler leads to an increase in the duration of the turnover, and, consequently, to an increase in the duration of the measurement. Increasing the measurement time will keep the idea of ​​the clock even if it seems to us that the illusion of the clock has disappeared.

Consider another air defense, rigidly connected with a rotating ruler. It rotates relative to the frame of the observed air defense. By definition, it is a stream. So it is, it is a composite flow consisting of space in the form of a circle and a ruler in it.

Thus, we have two different ideas about the same, depending on how the simulated air defense relates to the frame of the observed air defense:

1. Representation in the form of regular activity (the frame and the simulated air defense are fixed relative to each other)
2. Representation in the form of a regular flow (the frame and the simulated air defense move relative to each other)

We may notice a shift in our attention from one view to another, if we are attentive to ourselves.

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