The second generation AMD Ryzen: testing and detailed analysis

With the end of 2017, in which the Ryzen processor became one of the most successful AMD products, a logical question arose: what next? At the beginning of 2018, plans were announced: Ryzen of the second generation should appear in the middle of the year, after which the second generation of Threadripper will be released on the 12-nm process of GlobalFoundries. This is not yet the next AMD microarchitecture, which, as we know, will be the Zen 2 at 7 nm technical process. This is the release of components with some improvements, plus the ability to use the production process, which allows you to raise the limit of frequency and performance. Today, AMD launches four processors, we tested them all.

Right to the point: new processors

For readers who wish to go straight to the point, we inform you: AMD launches Ryzen 7 2700X, Ryzen 7 2700, Ryzen 5 2600X and Ryzen 5 2600.



Now the Ryzen 7 2700X takes the first place, shifting the Ryzen 7 1800X from the pedestal, and at the price of an additional 10 W, the TDP provides a base frequency of 3.7 GHz and a turbo frequency of 4.3 GHz on eight cores with simultaneous multithreading. This is an additional +100 MHz and +300 MHz respectively, which is higher than the average overclocked 1800X.



Important news: with the 2700X, AMD lowered the maximum cost of the top-end AM4 Ryzen processor: at launch, the 1800X cost $ 499 and was delivered without a cooler. Yes, most recently the 1800X fell in price to $ 349 to compete with powerful Intel processors. The 2700X has plugged both champions into the belt, entering the market with a suggested retail price of $ 329, plus it is bundled with the best business class cooler: AMD Wraith Prism RGB. AMD is strongly advancing on all fronts: aggressive pricing, maximum performance and the best equipment, all at once and in one product.



Ryzen 5 2600X is a six-core processor variant, also with an aggressive frequency strategy: 3.6 GHz and 4.2 GHz turbo. With a 95 watt TDP and a suggested retail price of $ 229, it comes bundled with an AMD Wraith Spire cooler, which, again, is a very impressive stock product.

The Ryzen 7 2700 and Ryzen 5 2600 are 65-watt versions of the X-analogs, offering almost the same frequencies for $ 30 cheaper. All processors will support dual-channel DDR4-2933 memory, which is higher than the maximum frequency support for 2017 DDR4-2666 Ryzen processors. One of the main changes is that now each processor comes bundled with a cooler, ranging from the Silent 65W Stealth models to the large Prism RGB, each of which is sufficient for the stable operation of the processor in turbo mode.



The planned AMD AM4 Ryzen line will now look like this:



Taking off to the top of Olympus, 2700X deprives the championships of 1700X and 1800X. AMD revised its product line and replaced three previous-generation products with two new Ryzen, possibly based on sales figures. As will be seen from our review, the 2700X squeezes everything from the current silicon process to the limit.

The complete list is ultimately a combination of Ryzen 2000 (new), APU Ryzen 2000 series processors, plus a pair of Ryzen 1000 series products. We have already studied APU in detail in recent reviews, and showed that they quite successfully replaced some of the original models of the first generations. So, four new 2000 series processors now occupy the top of the list, but AMD often focuses on new products, so over time (quite likely) several more new 2000 series products will appear.

Other information from today's review

Of course, our review is just beginning, because we have not yet talked about options. AMD uses the 12-nm manufacturing process of GlobalFoundries, the advantages of which are obvious. There are many firmware enhancements, updated features and roles for AMD Precision Boost and XFR technologies that can have a direct impact on performance. There is a new chipset (along with 30+ motherboards), ready to work with a new line of processors, as well as new or renamed functions, such as StoreMI. We want to explore how these new products fit into AMD's long-term plans and if they fit in with them as a whole.

Consider these questions in the article. Here you will find the test results.

AMD competitor Ryzen 2000: Intel's Coffee Lake

As part of the launch of the new product, AMD has provided extensive information on testing its new chips. From the presented data it was quite clear that the new processors are aimed to compete with the most modern Intel processors: Coffee Lake. This contrasts with the fact that the Ryzen 1000 series, which was released last year, contrasted the eight-core Ryzen 7 1800X to the Intel's 8-core Broadwell-E: at about this time, Intel updated the main processor line to six high-frequency cores.

As a result, AMD now offers to compare the Ryzen 7 2700X with the Core i7-8700K and the Ryzen 5 2600X with the Core i5-8500K. This is an important point - now both major players in the x86 processor market have pushed their latest products against each other, head to head. This has not happened for several generations. Nevertheless, some indicators have remained in their places since last year’s issue:

• Intel is expected to have an advantage in frequency and IPC
• AMD will not lag behind in frequency and will offer more cores at the same price.

AMD's crown of multithreading is especially sparkling in internal testing, but the performance of one thread is still lagging behind its competitor. A number of new features in the Ryzen 2000 series should remedy the situation: a slightly higher IPC, higher frequencies, a higher TDP, and an improved model of dynamic frequency boost. We will look at them on the next few pages.



The frequency and number of cores are only part of the equation. The fact that AMD and Intel have different cache models will play a significant role. One of the points that we will see in this analysis is the comparative performance of the cache memory, and the tuning that AMD made to close the problem areas. As for the price, AMD Ryzen 7 2700X is cheaper than the i7-8700K, + the Wraith Prism RGB cooler is added, which easily replaces the cooler costing 30-40 dollars, saving the consumer money.



Ryzen 5 2600X and Core i5-8600K are more similar than their older brothers. These processors do not differ in the number of cores, although Ryzen 5 has twice as many threads. For any multi-threaded workload that is able to use simultaneous multithreading, this is probably an important indicator. Core i5-8600K has a slightly higher core frequency and, as expected, the advantage of IPC. Again, AMD offers a processor equipped with a good cooler, while Intel's offer is a “bare” processor.

In general, AMD states that its new high-end processors will show results in the range of 1-2% of competitors at 1440p games, but they will increase 20% in "creative performance". We have several ways to verify this.

Articles in this review:

1. AMD launches the Ryzen 7 2700X, Ryzen 7 2700, Ryzen 5 2600X and Ryzen 5 2600
2. Speaking of 12nm and Zen +
3. Cache hierarchy enhancement
4. Translated to IPC (instructions per cycle): all this for 3%?
5. Precision Boost 2 and XFR2: Need more hertz
6. New X470 chipsets and motherboards
7. StoreMI way to faster JBOD
8. Test parameters
9. CPU System Tests
10. CPU Rendering Tests
11. CPU Web Tests
12. CPU Encoding Tests
13. CPU Office Tests
14. CPU Legacy Tests
15. Gaming Performance: Civilization 6
16. Gaming Performance: Shadow of Mordor
17. Gaming Performance: Rise of the Tomb Raider
18. Gaming Performance: Rocket League
19. Gaming Performance: Grand Theft Auto
20. Conclusions: the burden of competition

Speaking of 12nm and Zen +

One of the highlights of the launch of the Ryzen 2000 series is that these processors use the GlobalLoundries 12LP manufacturing process, after the first generation of the 14th generation Ryzen processors. Both AMD and GlobalFoundries discussed the differences in the processes, but it is worth understanding that the goals of the companies are different: AMD should promote only what helps its products, while GlobalFoundries is a major semiconductor manufacturer with a large “customer base” and can provide figures and the “ideal scenario” data. This year we were invited to GlobalFoundries Fab 8 (upstate New York), where we were able to interview Dr. Gary Patton, Technical Director.



In this interview several interesting points were covered. Firstly, the technical director does not necessarily have to take care of how certain technical processes are called: their clients know the performance of this process regardless of the declared “nm” figure based on the development tools provided to them. Secondly: 12LP is just a slightly improved 14LPP process — minor changes to improve performance. The upgrade is obtained as a result of a partial optical reduction and a slight change in production rules in the back end and the middle part of the production process. In the past, such changes might not have caused such loud news, but GF customers want to take advantage of the improved process.

Overall, GlobalFoundries stated that its 12LP process provides a 10% improvement in productivity and a 15% improvement in element density compared to 14LPP.

This was interpreted in various ways, such as an additional 10% frequency at the same power or lower power for the same frequency, or as the ability to create smaller chips.

As part of today's launch, AMD explained what the transition to the 12LP process meant for the Ryzen 2000 series:

• Maximum clock speed growth at ~ 250 MHz (~ 6%)
• The cores work in turbo mode at 4.2 GHz
• ~ 50 mV decrease in core voltage

AMD patiently explains that at the same frequency, the new processors of the Ryzen 2000 series consume 11% less power than the Ryzen 1000 series, which means + 16% performance with the same power. Yet the statements are a bit ambiguous, since AMD has other new technologies in the 2000 series that will affect performance.

One interesting point is that, although GF claims that a 15% density improvement has occurred, AMD claims that these processors have the same matrix size and number of transistors as the previous generation. In the end, this seems to be counterintuitive - will AMD really not want to use smaller matrices to fit more chips per plate?

Ultimately, the new processors are almost exact replicas of old ones, both in terms of design and microarchitecture. AMD calls the design of Zen + cores to distinguish them from the design of the previous generation Zen, mainly because of the way microarchitecture functions are located on silicon. Many of the key functions have not changed - they just take up less space, leaving empty silicon between the elements.



Here is a very rough representation of the functions associated with the data path. On the left is the 14LPP design, and each of the six functions has a specific size and connects to the bus. Between the elements there is a “dark silicon” - unused silicon, which is either considered as useless or can be used as a thermal buffer between elements with a high energy release. On the right is the 12LP design presentation: each of the functions has been reduced in size, simply leaving “dark silicon” between the elements (the white squares show the original size of the function). In this context, the number of transistors has not changed, as well as the size of the matrix. But if somewhere in the design there were thermal limitations due to the proximity of “hot” elements, now there is more distance between them so that the elements do not interfere with each other.

For reference, AMD voiced the size of these new processors as 213 mm2, containing 4.8 billion transistors, identical to the design of the first-generation silicon. AMD confirmed that it uses 9T transistor libraries, as in the previous generation, although GlobalFoundries also offers 7.5T design.

So, Zen +: a new micro-architecture or a change in the technological node?

Ultimately, nothing in most of the physical design of Zen + is new. In addition to changing the production site and the likely minor adjustments, the main improvements are in the firmware and support:

• Correction of cache delays resulting in + 3% IPC
• Supports increased DRAM frequency for DDR4-2933
• Improved voltage / frequency curves resulting in + 10% overall performance
• Improved Performance with Precision Boost 2
• Better thermal reaction with XFR2

Cache hierarchy enhancement

The greatest internal change for Ryzen 2000 series processors is a reduction in cache latency. AMD claims that they were able to remove one cycle from the L1 and L2 caches, several cycles from L3, and improve the performance of DRAM. Since the net base IPC is closely intertwined with caches (size, latency, bandwidth), these figures lead AMD to claim that the new processors can provide a + 3% increase in IPC compared to the previous generation.



Numbers provided by AMD:

• 13% L1 latency improvement (1.10ns vs. 0.95ns)
• 34% L2 latency improvement (4.6ns vs. 3.0ns)
• 16% improvement in L3 latency (11.0ns vs. 9.2ns)
• 11% improvement in memory latency (74ns vs. 66ns on DDR4-3200)
• Support for increased DRAM frequency (DDR4-2666 vs. DDR4-2933)

Interestingly, in the official presentation, AMD mentions latency, measured as time, although in private conversations at our briefing it was discussed in terms of clock cycles. Ultimately, latency, as measured by time, can take advantage of other internal improvements; however, the real engineer prefers to discuss clock cycles.

Naturally, we looked at two aspects of this equation: are the cache figures lower, and do we get an increase in IPC?

So what about the cache?

For testing, we use the memory latency checker at every step of the cache hierarchy of one core. For this test, we used the following:

• Ryzen 7 2700X (Zen +)
• Ryzen 5 2400G (Zen APU)
• Ryzen 7 1800X (Zen)
• Intel Core i7-8700K (Coffee Lake)
• Intel Core i7-7700K (Kaby Lake)

The most vivid comparison between AMD processors. Here we have the first series Ryzen 7 1800X, the Ryzen 5 2400G APU, which combines Zen cores with Vega graphics, and the new Ryzen 7 2700X processor.


This graph is logarithmic in both axes.

This graph shows that the latest Ryzen 7 2700X requires fewer core cycles at each cache design phase. The biggest difference is the L2 cache latency, but L3 also has a significant increase. The reason why the L2 gain is so great, especially between 1800X and 2700X, is very curious.

When AMD first launched the Ryzen 7 1800X, the L2 latency was tested and defined in 17 cycles. It was quite a lot - it turned out that engineers initially assumed that the L2-latency would have 12 cycles, but the lack of time to set up the firmware and layout, before sending the project to production, forced to leave 17 cycles as the best compromise, so that the design would be efficient and did not cause problems. With Threadripper and APU Ryzen, AMD has tweaked the design enough to achieve L2 latency in 12 cycles, but at the time this fact was not highlighted, despite the advantages it provides. Now with the Ryzen 2000 series, AMD has reduced latency to 11 cycles. We were told that this is due both to the new production process and to the additional settings that ensure the consistency of the signals. In our testing, we actually saw an average L2 latency of 10.4 cycles, compared with 16.9 cycles on the Ryzen 7 1800X.

The difference in L3 latency is a bit unexpected: AMD announced a decrease in latency by 16%: from 11.0 ns to 9.2 ns. We saw a change from 10.7 ns to 8.1 ns, which means a decrease from 39 to 30 cycles.

Of course, we could not do without comparing AMD with Intel. And the comparison was very interesting. Now cache configurations between Ryzen 7 2700X and Core i7-8700K are different:



AMD has a larger L2 cache, but the AMD L3 cache is not an inclusive victim cache, which means that it cannot use prefetching as opposed to the Intel L3 cache.



The result was unexpected, because it became apparent that AMD has the advantage of waiting time in L2 and L3 caches. There is a significant difference in DRAM, but the main performance indicators here are in the lower caches.

We can extend the test to include three AMD chips, as well as Intel Lake Lake and Kaby Lake cores.



This is a graph using cycles, not a time delay. Intel has a slight advantage in L1, but larger L2 caches in AMD Zen projects mean that Intel will achieve a higher L3 latency. And yet, Intel does its job quickly due to the low latency of DRAM.

Translated to IPC (instructions per cycle): all this for 3%?

Contrary to popular belief, increasing IPC is not an easy task. Attempting to ensure that each port is involved in each cycle requires extensive decoders, large instruction queues, fast caches, and the correct configuration of the execution port. It may seem that it is easy to compile, but both physics and economics say "no": the chip still has to be thermally efficient, and it should bring money to the company. Each processor design update will focus on what is called “low-hanging fruit”: small changes that bring the greatest gains with minimal effort. Usually reducing cache latency is not the easiest task, and for engineers not from the “semiconductor” sphere (including me), this generally sounds like a lot of work for a small gain.

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X470

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Boot Kit AMD

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This means that users who want to take advantage of the Boot Kit will have to buy components at retail, and used ones. The kit includes an A-series processor (Bristol Ridge) and a cooler, as well as a prepaid label for returning equipment. Such a generous set for updating the BIOS of a motherboard is an unheard of suggestion. Prior to that, users had to solve the issue through the seller and pay for the RMA. However, it can be assumed that AMD has a sufficient number of A-series processors so that this is not a problem, and the positive response from such a service outweighs the cost of shipping and return.

Users who need the Boot Kit can follow this link to find official data.

X470 motherboards

Each manufacturer has already announced several new motherboards for the chipset, although it is clear that this is not a complete stack.




Most vendors will offer the X470 and X370 at the same time, and the X470 will occupy a niche premium product.

ASUS ROG Crosshair VII Hero

The first motherboard we discovered was ASUS ROG Crosshair VII Hero (Wi-Fi). The package turned out to be pretty shabby - either upon delivery or during storage.





At first glance, we see several excellent options: a combined 12-phase power supply (most likely 10 + 2) on the CPU, with two M.2 slots and enhanced PCIe for working with SLI x8 / x8. The rear I / O panel is pre-attached to the system using a casing, and there is a small cable connecting the built-in LEDs on the motherboard.



The socket has not changed: AM4 with a 1331 hole for the processor. The latch mechanism is the same as the size of the cooler.



ASUS added a series of RGB connectors to the board, as well as something that looks like convenient voltage reading points (or points that allow using any 5-volt system, such as a cold cathode backlight?).



Of the two sockets M.2, one is PCIe 3.0 x4 from the CPU, and the other is PCIe 2.0 x4 from the chipset. There are also six SATA ports for connecting storage devices.



There are various USB 3.1, USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 ports on the board, although it seemed to me quite funny that ASUS decided to sign the “Native USB” ports to emphasize that this refers to the chipset and not to the controller. This makes sense for VR, which requires its own ports, which allows the user to install the front panel connectors into native USB connectors.



To make the premium board shine even brighter, ASUS has placed its SupremeFX sound card. It is based on the Realtek ALC1220A custom codec, Nichicon audio capacitors, EMI screens, PCB disconnection and a set of software.



On the reverse side we have: the ASUS BIOS Flashback button, so that users can update the BIOS without installing CPU / GPU / DRAM; Clear CMOS button; 802.11ac Wi-Fi; two USB 2.0 ports; combined PS / 2, eight USB 3.0 ports, two USB 3.1 ports (one type C), a gigabit Ethernet port and audio jacks.

MSI X470 Gaming M7 AC

Unlike the previous one, the MSI X470 Gaming M7 AC package was not damaged, and the image of the motherboard was shown directly on the front side. Usually we are used to seeing the names “MSI” and “ACK” on Gaming M7 motherboards with Wi-Fi, which indicates the use of the Killer network controller, but not here.





At first glance, the motherboard looks less focused on the “style” than ASUS, although MSI is also striking. Obvious features include DRAM support, multiple power chokes, and a U-shaped radiator that hides two M.2 slots.



A close look at the DRAM connectors shows that this is how MSI develops its concept of “enhanced memory slot”. We can argue whether the above concept makes sense (it certainly helps the PCIe), but there is clearly a place for aesthetics.



I calculated 14 chokes on this motherboard, and this is probably the largest power delivery option on any AM4 motherboard. The heat sinks are not connected together, which may indicate the cost, or MSI's confidence in the efficiency of the power supply. It is worth noting that MSI uses an 8-pin power supply to the CPU here, compared to the 8 + 4-pin layout on the ASUS ROG.



One of the most esoteric features of the latest MSI motherboards is this big handle, with numbers up to 11. This is MSI's Game Boost overclocking feature, designed in such a way that each turn gives a greater level of overclocking to the processor. Previously, such a function would be too heavy for most processors, in an attempt to increase the frequency as much as possible, previously we could never go beyond "2" with air cooling. Fortunately, there are power / reset buttons next to the pen.



The branded MSI Audio Boost 6 audio is not very different from the competition: Realtek ALC1220 codec with specialized audio capacitors, EMI screen and PCB connector. MSI adds software licensed from Nahimic, which offers various equalizer settings and additional benefits for gamers.



Like ASUS, MSI offers a BIOS update feature without CPU / GPU / DRAM installed. On the back panel, we see two USB 2.0 ports: a PS / 2 port, four USB 3.0 ports, a Wi-Fi 802.11ac module, two USB 3.1 ports, a Gigabit Ethernet port, and audio jacks.



A few interesting notes about the back panel of the board are near the chipset's radiator area, MSI posted a warning stating that the stand screws should not roll around the motherboard. Since most housings are designed to accommodate any form factor on the motherboard, users who use older housings and do not remove unnecessary support screws can cause a short circuit and, possibly, destruction of the hardware. Although, if the user does not remove the old support, I doubt that he will attend to reading the text on the back of the motherboard.



Here's a nice addition to the motherboard: the user is informed of the number of PCB layers. In this case, six. To be clearer, the cheapest motherboards usually have three or four layers, most of the main boards will have six or sometimes eight, and the high-end motherboards for desktop PCs usually have eight or ten. Motherboards for which price is not an argument, for example, server systems, can have twelve. Additional options, such as double copper or high humidity protection, can add + 50% to the cost of a clean printed circuit board.

StoreMI way to faster JBOD

When AMD released APU Ryzen at the beginning of this year, one of the minor announcements was the promotion of a software called FuzeDrive from Enmotus. The software was offered to consumers for an additional $ 20. For new desktop processors of the Ryzen-2000 series and the X470 platform, this software has become part of the AMD software stack and can be downloaded for free from the AMD website under the StoreMI brand.

Cache benefits

The principle of the StoreMI operation is that the user can take a mid-level system running on a slow disk and add a small but fast drive to increase the speed of working with the most frequently used files. The software creates a “storage system” from a fast and slow drive, providing the user with one disk with a total capacity of two disks, while the software implements pattern recognition to understand which files need to be placed on the fast disk for maximum system acceleration.

Multi-tier storage is not new - it is used in many enterprise storage systems supported by sophisticated software. Fast storage systems are somewhat costly, while data is usually large: content delivery networks (CDN), such as Netflix or Steam, use multi-level storage and caching. Thus, frequently used movies or games are available from the storage, which is located next to the user and at the same time is the fastest available.

In today's computer, the fastest storage is built-in memory / DRAM. Files and programs are loaded here, when the processor needs to access data or keep the data “close” for permanent access. This has been the case throughout the history of software. In recent years, some enthusiasts have used RAMDisks, creating disk space using RAM to get a fast repository. The only drawback of this method is that the data is lost upon reboot, because the data stored in DRAM is unstable (or not permanent).

A modern-day enthusiast's machine will most likely include some kind of solid-state drive (SSD) based on NAND flash memory: either a drive connected via PCIe strips, like super-fast storage, or connected via the SATA port. These users often have a mechanical hard disk, based on rotating plates, as backup storage for large volumes, usually called a hard disk (HDD), and speed is limited by how the system reads data from a disk that rotates at a speed of 7200 or 5400 times per second. Many machines still come with hard drives as main and mass storage, which is very troubling for users who are attracted by the advantages of using SSDs.

With StoreMI, a user can use any PCIe SSD, SATA SSD or HDD configuration and implement them as a multi-level drive. The combined single drive will have the capacity of all the drives in the stack, and the software will control which data should be moved to the high-speed drive. This process is gradual, the software will take time to find out which files are the most important - which means that the effect will not be noticeable immediately, but after the third or fourth download of software or games, the system should show good results.



The StoreMI tool also allows the user to add up to 2 GB of RAM to the storage stack. This process does not add extra capacity to the “single disk”, but DRAM acts as the fastest cache and will only store copies of data stored on other disks in order to avoid data loss. As mentioned above, since the internal memory is unstable, the in-memory cache will speed up when restarted. In a conversation with AMD, we were told that 2 GB is a good amount of memory for the DRAM cache: due to the nature of the software, a larger cache will not show a noticeable increase, according to the campaign. The software allows even systems with only 8 GB of total system memory to use the software.

Configurations

Unlike RST caching technology (which recently supported caching on non-boot disks), AMD's StoreMI can be used at any time during the system's life cycle. For any user who wants to postpone the purchase of an NVMe SSD or SSD SATA, or delay the purchase of a larger drive, it is possible not to hurry and add a new drive to the multi-level storage later.

StoreMI can support almost any configuration involving boot disks and storage disks. When working with a boot disk, AMD recommends installing the operating system on a slower and more spacious disk, and then adding a clean SSD as a quick access level, although the opposite is also possible for users who want to add a larger disk later (there may be additional steps for completion of the process). The only difference is that the software is likely to transfer a large amount of data at the beginning.



Configurations that are offered for the StoreMI:

• HDD + DRAM
• HDD + SATA SSD
• HDD + SATA SSD + DRAM
• HDD + NVMe SSD
• HDD + NVMe SSD + DRAM
• SATA SSD + DRAM
• SATA SSD + NVMe SSD + DRAM
• NVMe SSD + DRAM

The greatest noticeable improvement should occur in configuration 4, when the NVMe SSD is paired with a mechanical hard disk.

AMD says that if the storage stack extends from a native chipset to controller-based SATA ports, the software will most likely transfer sleep-related files to disk on native SATA ports to ensure stability; This process can take up to 30 minutes.

Users can also delete disks from multi-level storage if there is enough space to put all the data on the disk, which remains in the level. The deleted disk will remain with zero data and can be removed from the system or used for other purposes.

Serious limitation: 256 GB on Fast Tier

An important point not mentioned in our initial briefings, when FuzeDrive was launched with the APU, but clearly highlighted in the StoreMI user manual, is that the joint license from AMD and Enmotus stipulates that a faster disk in a level can be no larger than 256 GB

When adding a disk larger than 256 GB as a quick access level, the system automatically splits the empty disk, offering additional capacity as a separate drive letter.

Adding a capacious hard drive as a slower level to the SSD boot disk will only cause problems if the SSD capacity is more than 256 GB. Users in this case will need to transfer the operating system (using other software) from the SSD to the HDD, then boot the system from the hard disk, and add the (now empty) SSD as a quick access level.

Some users may decide that it takes too much effort - adding a 3 GB hard drive to a 512 GB SSD should not be so difficult. As a solution, leave the drives separated, and items such as the Steam folder, manually spread to different drives, leaving your favorite games on the SSD. However, StoreMI is more focused on systems that initially have a capacious hard drive - to add a small fast SSD, say, 64 GB-128 GB. Such a case is considered as the most likely.

Failure rate: JBOD deficiencies

Most of the options for combining disks in the array modify the element of speed (reading data on many disks at the same time), and protection against failures (data is replicated or the parity bit is entered). Typically, the parameters of the storage array combine both functions, while focusing on one function to the detriment of another. For users who need to store files, one of the options for combining disks is known as JBOD or “just a bunch of disks”. JBOD does not offer any additional speed or protection against failures.

The JBOD array does one thing: it combines the disks into an array to display them as one common file space, and perceives the array as such. The inclusion of eight 10 TB disk drives in JBOD will be visible to the system as one 80 TB disk. However, it does not read or write to disks at the same time — JBOD will simply write data sequentially and read data from the disk on which they are located. As a result, it still works with only one drive, but if one of the disks in the JBOD array fails, the array loses its integrity and collapses. Without specialized tools, all data from the entire array, like the data on this particular disk, will almost certainly be lost. And if one drive has an average failure rate, then the expected failure rate with eight drives at the same time will be eight times higher than for each disk separately.

In this context, it is clearly seen that the StoreMI suffers from the same insufficient protection against disk failures. There is no mechanism by which data will be protected, and if one disk in the stack fails, data on all disks is lost. If the boot disk is a cheap SSD with a low-quality NAND, or the hard disk is outdated, then data loss on both drives is a real possibility.

Initially, I thought it was a serious problem. For example, if a user wants to place 10 disks on a stack, this could mean a disaster. However, the criticality of the problem was greatly reduced when I learned about the maximum size of the fast level of 256 GB. This means that most users, in all likelihood, will only be able to connect only two disks into one level. AMD’s response to the threat of failures was to show that users should use backups anyway, and no specific comments were made on increasing the failure rate of the dual-disk stack compared to a single disk. As StoreMI moves data between the SSD and the hard disk, an additional problem may occur. In this case, there are more data records on the SSD over time than a separate regular user boot disk, and as a result, NAND wears out faster. Neither AMD nor AnandTech takes this drawback seriously, considering that modern MLC and TLC solid-state drives do a very good job with managing damaged data blocks and have a built-in redundant representation.

And tests!

Currently, we did not have time to directly test the StoreMI, focusing on other projects and upcoming events. If we have time, we will provide a full-fledged StoreMI article.

Test parameters

Testing with installed Specter and Meltdown patches

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Sapphire AMD. Sapphire Computex 2016 AMD . Sapphire RX 460, . GPU , . RX 460 – , , - . Sapphire Nitro RX 460 2GB Nitro, . 896 SPs 1090/1216 , 2 GDDR5 7000 .



MSI GPU GTX 1080 Gaming X 8GB. AnandTech, - CPU — . MSI - . MSI GTX 1080 Gaming X 8GB , Seahawk , Aero Armor. , Torx, , Zero-Frozr, PWM . GP104-400 16- TSMC-, 2560 CUDA 1847 OC ( 1607-1733 Silent). 8 GDDR5X, 10010 . GTX 1080 №1.



Crucial SSD MX200. , , 1TB MX200 – . 88S9189 Marvell Micron 16- 128- MLC, 7-, 2,5- , 100K IOP 555/500 / . 1TB, , TCG Opal 2.0 IEEE-1667 (eDrive) 320 .



Corsair AX1200i. AX1200i , Corsair Link, 1200 50 ° C Platinum . 89-92% 115 90-94% 230 . AX1200i , 200- , 140- . AX1200i , 8 PCIe 4 GPU . AX1200i Zero RPM , , 30%.



Thank you G.Skill for the memory provided. G.Skill AnandTech , . , , Computex G.Skill .

CPU System Tests

Our first test suite is general system tests. , , , . This is somewhat different from our office testing, where industry standards testing is used. .

FCAT

One of the most interesting loads, which is used at our booth in the last quarters, is FCAT - a tool that we use to measure delays in games due to dropped or missing frames. The FCAT process requires the inclusion of a color overlay into the game, recording the gameplay and subsequent analysis of the video file using appropriate software. Such software is usually single-threaded, since the video is in a primitive RAW format, which implies a large file size and requires moving a large amount of data. For our test, we take a 90-second record of the Rise of the Tomb Raider test running on a GTX 980 Ti at 1440p, which is about 21 GB, and measure the time required for processing using a visual analysis tool.



FCAT — , IPC Intel. AMD, Ryzen 5 , Ryzen 7, .

Dolphin Benchmark

, , , , Haswell . This benchmark launches a Wii program in which the beam tracks a complex three-dimensional scene inside the Dolphin Wii emulator. The results of this test are a completely reliable indicator of the speed of Dolphin processor emulation, which is an intense single-core task that uses most aspects of the processor. , Wii 17,53 (1052 ).



Dolphin Intel. Ryzen-2000, IPC , , Skylake Intel.

3D Movement Algorithm Test v2.1

3DPM . The goal of 3DPM is to simulate partially optimized scientific algorithms taken directly from my doctoral dissertation. 2.1 2.0 , , , double->float->double, . This gives an acceleration of 25% compared with version 2.0, which means new data.



8- Ryzen 7 2700X 8- Skylake-X Intel — 1800X. Coffee Lake i7-8700K Ryzen 5 2600X Ryzen 5 2600.

Agisoft Photoscan 1.3:

Photoscan , Windows 10, , Speed Shift . The concept of Photoscan is the transformation of a set of 2D images into a 3D model — therefore, the more detailed the images are, and the more they are, the better the model. The algorithm consists of four stages: several single-threaded and several multi-threaded, and also has some dependence on the cache and memory. , Speed Shift XFR, CPU, .



Photoscan — , 1800X 2700X , TDP Precision Boost 2 . Intel Skylake-X 8- 7820X Coffee Lake 8700K , 8700K , - Ryzen 7 2700X. Intel 18- , i9-7980XE.

Civilization6 AI Test

Civilization AI Civilization 6 AI 25 . GTX 1080 1080p, , , 25 , AI.



AI , Intel .

CPU Rendering Tests

Rendering tests is a long-recognized favorite of reviews and tests, because the code used by rendering packages is usually optimized to squeeze every bit of performance. Sometimes program rendering also depends heavily on memory — when you have many threads carrying tons of data, a memory with a low latency response can be the key to everything. Here we take some of the usual rendering packages for Windows 10, as well as some new interesting tests.

Corona 1.3

Corona — , , 3ds Max Maya, . – , . , , , . , , « » ( , , « », ). Corona likes to pile up threads, so the results are strongly dependent on the number of threads.

Blender 2.78

-, Blender . We were able to run the standard workload on the February 5 Blender build, and measure the time needed to render the first frame of the scene. Blender is one of the largest open source tools, which means that both AMD and Intel are actively working to help improve the code base, which can be both beneficial and detrimental to their own microarchitecture.



, 8- Intel Skylake AMD Ryzen 7 2700X; Blender , . Ryzen 7 2700X . Ryzen 5 2600 Core i7-6700K.

LuxMark v3.1

, LuxMark , , . However, it offers both OpenCL and standard C ++ mode. , IPC, , C ++ OpenCL .

POV-Ray 3.7.1b4

, POV-Ray. Another ray tracer with a long history. , AMD Ryzen, , . , , POV-Ray .

Cinebench R15

CineBench , , , . IPC ST, — MT.





Intel - , CineBench, , , Ryzen 7 2700X .

CPU Web Tests

- — . , « » , , . , Chrome 56 2017. , , .

SunSpider 1.0.2:<a href="">link

- – SunSpider. JavaScript-, IPC , - , . 10 . 4 .

Mozilla Kraken 1.1: link

Kraken — Javascript, , SunSpider, , . , 10 , .

Google Octane 2.0: link

, Google Mozilla, , JS . , SunSpider JS, Kraken , Octane , , .

WebXPRT 2015: link

, , WebXPRT , . , , , , , .

CPU Encoding Tests

One of the interesting elements of modern processors is the coding performance. This includes encryption / decryption, as well as transcoding video from one video format to another. In the case of encryption / decryption, performance is still relevant for encrypting sensitive data "on the fly" - the process by which modern devices typically provide software security. , . This is necessary to fit the video for the consumer device, or for game streamers who wish to download the transcoded video stream from the camera in real-time mode. As we move to live 3D video, this task will be even higher priority, and it turns out that the speed of certain algorithms is determined by the content input / output function.

7-Zip 9.2: link

One of the frivolous archivers, allowing to evaluate the performance of processors, is 7-Zip. It is open source licensed and is a fast and easy-to-use tool for advanced users. We run the test mode via the command line, execute four cycles and get the result.

WinRAR 5.40: link

2017 WinRAR . WinRAR is more user-friendly in some aspects than 7-Zip, so we decided to include it in the package. , 7-Zip, , (33 1,37 , 2834 370 150 ) . The results shown are the time taken to encode the file. Due to DRAM caching, we run the test 10 times and get the average for the last five launches when the benchmark is in a steady state.



WinRAR , , . IPC Core i7-8700K .

AES Encoding

Algorithms that use AES encoding have spread widely throughout the world as a ubiquitous encryption tool. However, this is another test-for-CPU, and modern CPUs have an extension of the AES command system to increase encryption performance. We often consider scaling both in frequency and in nuclei using this benchmark. We use the latest version of TrueCrypt and run it in benchmark mode with 1 GB of data in DRAM. The results shown are the mean GB / s for encryption and decryption.

HandBrake v1.0.2 H264 and HEVC: link

As mentioned above, video transcoding (both encoding and decoding) is a hot topic in terms of performance, as the pace of new content creation increases. – , , . . Along with Google's favorite codec, VP9, ​​there are two other frequently used ones: H264, the old codec, is almost everywhere and optimized for 1080p video, and HEVC (or H265), which aims to provide the same quality as H264, but with lower file size (or higher quality for the same size). HEVC is important because it is capable of streaming video as 4k, which means transferring fewer bits for the same quality content.

Handbrake , .

H264 low quality / resolution: here we will re-encode 2-hour 640x266 H264 video and change the encoding from Main profile to High profile using the very-fast preset.



/ H264: , 4K (3840x4320), 60 Main High, very-fast .



HEVC test: using the same video in HQ, we change the resolution and codec of the original video from 4K60 to H264 to 4K60 HEVC.



HandBrake Ryzen-2000, Core i7-8700K . Core i5-8400 , Ryzen.

CPU Office Tests

, , — , , . The purpose of these tests is to use a set of programs and methods that a normal office user may encounter, for example, video conferencing, document editing, architectural modeling, and so on and so forth.

Chromium Compile (v56)

Our new compilation test uses Windows 10 Pro, VS Community 2015.3 with Win10 SDK to compile Chromium’s nightly build. We prepared a test for assembly at the end of March 2017, and in our test we launch a new full compilation. Compiling is a typical example of a multi-threaded workload — some compilation and binding processes are linear, while other parts are multi-threaded.



, , Ryzen-2000 , , - precision boost. 8700K 2700X, , .

PCMark8: link

, PCMark 2008/2009 , Futuremark PCMark8, 2017 . On the scale of complex tasks, PCMark is more focused on the low-interest range of professional workloads, which makes it a good indicator of what people consider “office work”. «» , C ++ OpenCL, . PCMark8 offers Home, Work, and Creative workloads, with some software tests common and others unique to each test suite.

PCMark 10

GeekBench4

GeekBench 4, Intel . , Intel AMD , , .

CPU Legacy Tests

, - . Some of them are synthetic standards in industry, and we have data coming in for 10 years. All the data here was re-launched in Windows 10, and we plan to return to several generations of components to see how performance has developed.

3D Particle Movement v1

3DPM is a test written by us that applies basic 3D motion algorithms used in simulations of Brownian motion and tests them for speed. High performance floating point, MHz and IPC will show themselves in a single-stream version, while the multi-threaded version works with threads and loves many cores. , « » , . It comes without any unobvious optimizations that are not yet performed by the compiler, for example, false sharing.

CineBench 11.5 and 10

Cinebench — , MAXON Cinema 4D. Cinebench . , , Cinebench, , . Perhaps other software does not use all the available tools to load the processor, so the relevance of the test for the real world may be purely academic, but given our large database for Cinebench, it’s difficult to ignore a small five-minute test. 15, 11,5 10 - .

x264 HD 3.0

Similarly, the x264 HD 3.0 package that we use here is also stored for historical regression data. 5.0.1, 1080p x264-. Version 3.0 performs the same test in the 720p file, and in most cases software performance reaches the limit for high-end processors, but still works well for the middle and lower level. In addition, this version is only a few minutes, while the latter can take more than 90 minutes.

Gaming Performance: Civilization 6

So, the first game in our processor game tests - Civilization 6. Originally launched by Sid Meier and his team, the Civ series of turn-based strategies became a cult classic. , - . , , , , . , , .



Civilization - — , , 5 . However, with Civilization 6, Firaxis has hit hardcore and raised the visualization bar, trying to get you involved in the game. As a result, Civilization may require from the player a new video card and processor, especially if you play with high details under DirectX 12.

Perhaps a more in-demand result will be visible during the late game, when, in older versions, Civilization could take 20 minutes to make the AI ​​players move and transfer control to the person. Civilization «AI Benchmark», , . , .



1920x1080 4K . Civilization 6 has sliders for MSAA, Performance Utilization and Memory Utilization. The last two relate to the detail and size of textures, respectively, and are ranked from 0 (lowest) to 5 (extreme). We run our Civ6 test in fourth position for performance (ultra) and 0 in memory, and MSAA - 2x.

, 8K 16K (Civ6 ) GTX 1080, 8K, , 4K, 16K .

Shadow of Mordor

The next name in our performance battle is the Middle Earth open-world action RPG: Shadow of Mordor (SoM for short). The game was created by Monolith on the engine LithTech Jupiter EX with many additional add-ons. SoM goes deeper into detail and complexity. , Red Dead Redemption, SoM Zero Punctuation's Game of the Year 2014 .



2014 , SoM , . At the time, the SoM was unique, offering dynamic screen resolution, allowing users to use high-resolution settings, which are then reduced to the monitor's capabilities. , , , , -4K.



, , , , , . Graphics settings include standard settings such as Graphical Quality, Lighting, Mesh, Motion Blur, Shadow Quality, Textures, Vegetation Range, Depth of Field, Transparency and Tessellation. .

1080p 4K, 4K-, Ultra. Results are averaged over four runs, and we derive the average FPS, the 99th percentile, and the time under analysis.

Rise of the Tomb Raider

One of the newest games in our game test suite is Rise of the Tomb Raider (RoTR), developed by Crystal Dynamics, a sequel to the popular Tomb Raider, which was loved for its built-in automatic benchmark mode. But don't be fooled: the benchmark mode in RoTR is very different from the past.

Visually, the previous Tomb Raider raised the bar of realism almost to the level of TressFX, and the new RoTR is one step higher in terms of graphics accuracy. : , , , , , , DirectX 12.



, , : (1-), (2-) (3- ) — . , , , , 2-, , CPU , . Because of this, we report the results for each scene on each video card separately.



RoTR , , , , , , , , , , PureHair, TressFX.

As before, we are testing the game at 1920x1080 and 4K resolution using our own 4K displays. At 1080p, we launch the High preset, and in 4K we use the Medium preset, which still causes a significant impact on the frame rate.

It is worth noting that the RoTR test is slightly different from our other benchmarks in that the game saves its graphical settings in the registry, rather than the standard INI file, and, unlike the previous game, the built-in benchmark TR cannot be called from the command line. Nevertheless, despite the difficulties, we prepared a script to automatically start the benchmark four times and parse the results. From the obtained data, we derive the average FPS, 99 percentile and time under analysis.

Rocket league

Fun simple “play-collect” games with great fun. For this reason, I am a big fan of the Katamari franchise - just press the “start” on the controller, and roll forward, picking up items to grow. Extremely simple. In the meantime, we will not get the PC version of Katamari that I can test, we will focus on the Rocket League.

Rocket League uses pick-up-and-play elements, allowing users to play with other people (or bots) to play football without rules in cars. Unreal Engine 3, , - , . 2015 5 , , , . Users who train to play become very serious, fighting in teams and leagues with a very small number of settings, and all are on the same level. Rocket League is confidently becoming one of the big names in the world of eSports, and what is especially nice is when you can watch competitions directly from the game interface.



, , , . Unfortunately, most of the automatic tests for games will not work here. In addition, thanks to the Unreal 3 engine, the Rocket League does not have a benchmark mode. In this case, we must develop a tight run and record the frame rate.

As already mentioned, the Rocket League does not have a benchmark mode, so we have to perform a series of automatic actions, like a racing game with a fixed number of laps. We use the following approach: using Fraps to record the time taken to display each frame (and the total frame rate), we use an automation tool to start the game with 4v4 bots, while the system must perform a series of actions during the match, for example, switching angles cameras and movement.

It turned out that the described method very accurately displays data on a real match with bots, including movement, collisions, amplifications, or even getting sudden help, no matter how strange it sounds for an automated command set. , , . We also conduct tests on the same card (Aquadome, which, as you know, is a heavy card for graphics processors due to water / transparency) and with constant vehicle settings. We start recording immediately after the start of the match and record within 4 minutes of playing time (I think 5 laps DIRT: Rally benchmark), and determine the average frame rate, the 99th percentile and time under.

Grand Theft Auto

The long-awaited iteration of the Grand Theft Auto franchise hit the shelves on April 14, 2015, and AMD and NVIDIA made efforts to optimize the game. GTA , , Advanced Game Engine Rockstar DirectX 11. , , , , , , , .



For testing, we wrote several scripts for the benchmark built into the game. The internal benchmark will include five scenarios: four short panoramic scenes with variable lighting and weather effects, plus a fifth - a sequence of actions lasting about 90 seconds. , , , — , , . This is a great combination of long-distance rendering, followed by short-range rendering. And fortunately, the game gives all the necessary test results.



GTA , , . , / / / . Other customization options include MSAA, soft shadows, post effects, shadow resolution, and advanced remote rendering settings. At the top of the screen there is a convenient option that shows how much video memory the game will consume with these parameters, with obvious consequences if the user requests more video memory than he has on the card (although there is no obvious clue if you have a weak GPU with more video memory, for example, R7 240 4 GB).

As a result, we run tests in the resolution of 1920x1080, using the Very High values ​​in the settings, as well as on 4K using the High value in most of them. , , 99- time-under .

Conclusions: the burden of competition

Throughout the adventures of AMD and Zen, the pursuit of x86 high-performance computing has two goals: to be competitive, and to be the best. Undoubtedly, the first generation of Ryzen has succeeded in being competitive, and analysts and outlets demonstrate Ryzen processors in the top sales lists, and provide analytical tests where the best AMD chips compete with high-performance Intel desktop components. The goal for the next few years is to capture these easily accessible advantages micro-architecture, and later to get and take advantage of the new process technology. The first stage is the second generation Ryzen, known as the Ryzen-2000 series.

In this review, we showed that AMD has completed its task to further increase net performance by 3%, while our indicators show + 3.1%. By combining this with the increase in frequency obtained from the GlobalFoundries 12nm manufacturing process, and turbo functions like Precision Turbo Boost, which make most of the temperature limits intuitive, AMD generally achieved a 10% intergenerational increase in performance. This does not sound fair enough, since at first glance these are just small improvements in the production process, as well as some reasonable reduction in cache latency. If it were Intel, we would have shouted about a big and sharp breakthrough, but AMD still sits on the Zen design, and the focus is on the next complete micro-architectural update in Zen 2. Therefore, most users and journalists raise their thumbs up as a sign of AMD’s confidence now hoping to see a bigger jump next time.

4K gaming analysis

Nevertheless, everyone wants to know about the results of the tests of the Ryzen 2000 series. We start with games, and first of all with our performance / price charts for high-end 4K gaming. Our results take the R7 1800X as the baseline “100%”, and we show the geometric average for all our gaming tests at 4K.



As can be seen from the results, the new processors of the Ryzen 2000 series improved performance compared with the Ryzen 7 1800X, and even with the Ryzen 5 2600, by 1-3%. Intel processors were 0-4% higher than 1800X, and both Coffee Lake processors were at this peak at + 4%. In tests limited to the graphics processor, there is some benefit from single-core performance, but all modern processors at a reasonable frequency handle quite well.



For the 99th percentile graphs, new AMD processors are either gaining a level or have already surpassed the Ryzen 1000-series. For our Intel tests, the 6700K / 7700K of previous generations is 3% behind, compared to 1800X, while the rest is 4% higher than 1800X. Intel's favorite, Coffee Lake, gets first place, but all processors (with the exception of Bristol Ridge, A12-9800) have increased their results.

Gaming analysis 1080p

A key aspect for many users is the game with a lower resolution: 1920x1080 still dominates the game settings, no matter how enthusiastic we are, we want to see more pixels. Some readers have turned to us with the statement that they are still buying the best possible graphics card, but they work at a frequency of 200+ FPS at low resolutions, just for speed. Low-resolution tests are a bad idea of ​​future processor performance, but what we see today is important to us.



At this resolution, the Ryzen 7 2700X rises by about + 7% compared to the previous generation 1800X, and the new 65W components easily match the 1800X. Users who are looking at the budget Ryzen 5 1600, AMD's bestseller last year, can now pay attention to 2600 (+ 7%) or 2600X for (+ 10% compared to 1600)

And yet, Intel wins here. Due to the higher IPC speed and clock speed, Coffee Lake processors are 8–10% higher than Ryzen 7 2700X, and range from + 3% to + 25% depending on the model. At the same time, our results show that the Ryzen 7 2700X has risen above the processors of the previous generation of Intel, allowing the 2700X to win by a small margin from Kaby Lake and 5% + from Skylake.



The 99th percentile graph at 1080p looks like a stretched version of the graph of the average frame rate, and in general it is like this: the best 1080p processors work even better on the percentile. Of all the indicators where AMD needs to be competitive, this is the one where the new performance boost works best, but it seems there is a lot to do. Honestly, the results will look better if and when AMD can match Intel in frequency. AMD also has a deficit in the speed of DRAM response in main memory, which we called a factor in previous testing for a 99 percent frame rate. It will be interesting if AMD can provide a higher supported memory frequency faster than Intel, because it is really important here.

Workstation Analysis

In the competition of the main processor series, with Ryzen-1000, AMD delivered eight cores and sixteen threads against Intel Kaby Lake with four cores and eight threads. This time, Intel is offering six cores in Coffee Lake, and now 12 Intel threads resist 16 on AMD. AMD also raised the bar on the turbo mode frequency, but Intel takes the power budget far beyond the limits specified for the processor. So, in the middle range, where there were four streams against twelve, now is six against twelve, but Intel again produces higher frequencies.



In our single-threaded tests, the new Ryzen-2000 series now correspond to the performance of Intel Skylake processors. In the past round of comparisons, Intel still had some advantage, but now they are equal. To AMD's chagrin, Intel is still two generations ahead, thanks to Kaby Lake and Coffee Lake, which show excellent single-core performance due to the added frequency. This means that the Core i5-8400 really outperforms the best AMD with single-threading, and the Core i7-8770K is simply the king of the hill.

In multithreaded workloads, a number of additional variables come into play. This is the nature of the thread in each kernel, which parts of the kernel are dynamic or statically separated, memory management and cache. Here, AMD was aggressive in terms of latency and low-level cache size, but the non-inclusive AMD L3 cache competes here with Intel's write-back cache L3, which is more useful, as well as main memory with lower latency.



What we see here regarding AMD is that only the Ryzen 7 2700X eclipses the old Ryzen 7 1800X, and the 2700 lags behind. In this price range, more streams from the AMD chip give it a healthy advantage over the Coffee Lake i7-8700K, and it also overshadows the eight-core Skylake-X Core i7-7820X in most tests. It is important to note that previous generations of Intel i7-6700K and i7-7700K processors are very far behind competitors, and even the latest AMD Ryzen second-generation processor - Ryzen 5 2600.

If someone had said a few years ago that AMD would develop a second-generation Ryzen processor in 2018, which would eclipse Intel Skylake and Kaby Lake processors, I would have laughed. But here we are talking about the success of AMD. If the user wants to get a chip for multi-threaded workload, the $ 199 Ryzen 5 2600 is the best budget processor on the market today.
In this mid-level price competition, the Ryzen 5 2600 also easily surpasses the Core i5-8400. This is not a battle, but a beating.

General thoughts

The manufacturer loses somewhere, wins somewhere, but customers always win

When there is competition, each product must make its best leap forward. Carrying this burden is not easy, with existing relationships and high budgets. But each breakthrough causes a competitor to react, and this is a victory for customers. In recent years, Intel has largely been criticized for stagnation — minor updates to the current process, pending the emergence of a new one; With such a long stagnation, everything that is competitive will look attractive on the market. Those inside the industry may say that, although Intel releases iterations on a similar 14nm design each year, expecting 10nm output, AMD made its best move forward with Zen and Ryzen at 14nm, now the next one from Ryzen 2 to GF 12 nm.

This time, reducing the results to simple recommendations will actually be very simple.

Any users who need high-end single-stream performance or high-performance 1080p games using a mid-range graphics processor can choose Intel's Core i5-8400 as the perfect solution.

For hardcore enthusiasts working on high-end 4K graphics or, like their general calculations, the Ryzen 2000 series looks like the best choice. In each price position, AMD can meet the needs of the player in 4K, and wins in net bandwidth.
AMD also supplies a decent cooler with each processor than Intel has neglected in recent years, which makes the product even more attractive.

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